Physiological Quality of Badea Seeds (Passiflora quadrangularis L.) with and Without Storingon Different Substrates

Badea is known for the size and shape of the fruit, or as giant passion fruit. The propagation of passifloraceas is mainly done by means of seeds. Seed conservation is one of the main steps in seedling production that makes it possible to guarantee the maximum quality of theseed for a given period oftime and can be done through refrigeration.The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Tocantins, city of Gurupi/TO, from March 17 to August 10, 2020. After fruit harvesting, pulping was performed using running water and light friction in the nylon sieve with sand to facilitate the separation of the seed and pulp. Then the seeds were placed on a paper towel for 24hours, partly storedin the refrigerator for 10 days, and another part is sownimmediately. The seeds of passion fruit melon, without storage, sowed in the commercial substrate, showed greater viability and vigor.

Biocompatibilidade do gel de quitosana associado ao glicerol fosfato na reparação de defeitos ósseos induzidos experimentalmente no rádio de coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / [Biocompatibility of chitosan gel associated with glycerol phosphate for the healing of experimentally induced radial defects in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)]

A engenharia de tecidos caracteriza-se como ciência interdisciplinar, a qual vem desenvolvendo biomateriais para a regeneração do tecido ósseo no âmbito das medicinas humana e veterinária. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a regeneração óssea obtida da aplicação do hidrogel de quitosana associado ao glicerol fosfato em falha óssea experimentalmente induzida no rádio de coelhos. Foram utilizados 15 coelhos adultos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, representados por cada um dos rádios de cada animal, sendo um grupo tratado com hidrogel de quitosana associado ao glicerol fosfato (grupo biomaterial - GB) e um grupo que não recebeu tratamento com o biomaterial (grupo controle - GC). Os animais foram avaliados radiograficamente, por densitometria óptica e análise histológica, nos períodos 30, 60 e 90 dias pós-operatórios. Houve superioridade estatística na média geral das avaliações radiográficas do GB (2,33±0,48) sobre o GC (1,77±0,06). As médias gerais de avaliação densitométrica do GB foram superiores às do GC, sendo 6,207±1,374 e 5,71±1,512, respectivamente. A avaliação histopatológica do GB foi superior à do GC nos períodos de 30, 60 e 90 dias. Assim, é possível afirmar que o hidrogel de quitosana constitui biomaterial de características desejáveis, promovendo consolidação óssea mais rápida e eficiente, sem causar reações adversas.(AU)

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary science that has been developing biomaterials for bone regeneration in medicine and veterinary medicine, following an imminent need. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone regeneration after use of chitosan hydrogel associated with glycerol phosphate in experimentally induced bone gap in the radius of rabbits. Fifteen adult rabbits were randomly distributed in two experimental groups, represented by each radius of every single animal. The animals in the Biomaterial Group (GB) were treated with a glycerol phosphate-associated chitosan hydrogel and in the Control Group (GC) they received no treatment with the biomaterial. The animals were evaluated clinically, radiographically, histologically and by optic densitometry at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively. There was statistical superiority in the general average of the radiographic estimates of GB (2.33 ± 0.48) over the CG (1.77 ± 0.06). The general averages of GB densitometric evaluation were higher than the CG, being 6.207 ± 1.374 and 5.71 ± 1.512, respectively. Histopathological evaluation of GB was superior to CG in periods of 30, 60 and 90 days. Chitosan hydrogel constitutes a biomaterial of desired characteristics, promoting faster and more efficient bone repair when compared to GC.(AU)

Identification of Zika virus in immature phases of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: a surveillance strategy for outbreak anticipation

A progressive increase in the circulation of arboviruses in tropical countries has been observed, accounting for 700,000 yearly deaths in the world. The main objective of this article was to identify the presence of Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses in immature stages of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Household collections of immature phases of the vectors were carried out in the years 2015 and 2016. A total of 2902 dwellings were visited and the rate of infestation with larvae and pupae of Aedes mosquitoes was 283/1462 (19.4%) in March 2015 and 55/1440 (3.8%) in June 2015. In March 2015, 907 larvae/pupae were collected (583 or 64.3% of Ae. aegypti and 324 or 35.7% of Ae. albopictus) while in June 2015 there was a reduction in the number of immature forms found: 197 larvae/pupae (121 or 61.4% of Ae. aegypti and 76 or 38.6% of Ae. albopictus). This reduction was accompanied by a decrease in suspected human ZIKV cases from March to June 2015. The RT-qPCR performed in 18 pools identified that three (two of Ae. aegypti and one of Ae. albopictus) were positive for ZIKV, and none were positive for DENV or CHIKV. Our findings demonstrated that ZIKV was present in immature stages of insect vectors in the study region at least five months prior to the peak of ZIKV associated cases. Xenomonitoring of immature phases of the vectors may prove useful for predicting outbreaks.

Efeito de diferentes aditivos zootécnicos sobre a qualidade de ovos em duas fases produtivas da codorna / Effect of different zootechnical additives on egg quality in two quail production phases

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade dos ovos de codornas alimentadas com diferentes aditivos em duas fases de produção, 360 codornas foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema de parcela subdividida no tempo (de nove até 23 e de 24 até 39 semanas de idade), com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições de nove aves cada, organizados da seguinte forma: controle, antibiótico, prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico. As variáveis analisadas foram: unidade Haugh, índice de gema, porcentagem dos componentes do ovo, espessura de casca medida pelo micrômetro e pelo MEV. O fornecimento dos aditivos no segundo período aumentou a unidade Haugh e nos dois períodos avaliados proporcionou aumento da porcentagem de gema e de casca e da espessura da casca e de suas membranas. A inclusão dos aditivos foi mais eficiente em aumentar o peso dos ovos e a porcentagem de gema e de casca no segundo período. A espessura da casca (MEV) melhorou após inclusão de antibiótico e simbiótico na ração no segundo período. A inclusão de aditivos na ração melhora a qualidade dos ovos de codornas durante toda a fase produtiva. Antibiótico e simbiótico são mais eficazes em melhorar a espessura da casca dos ovos produzidos durante o segundo período produtivo.(AU)

To evaluate the quality of eggs of quails fed with different additives in two stages of the productive period, 360 quails were distributed in a completely randomized design in a split plot scheme in time (9 to 23 and 24 to 39 weeks of age) with five treatments and eight repetitions of nine birds each, organized as follows: control, antibiotic, prebiotic, probiotic, and symbiotic. The analyzed variables were: Haugh unit, yolk index, percentage of egg components, shell thickness measured by the micrometer and the SEM. The supply of additives in the second period increased Haugh units, and in both periods provided an increase in the percentage of yolk and shell and improved the thickness of the shell and its membranes. The inclusion of additives was more effective in promoting weight gain in eggs and the percentage of egg yolk and egg shell from 24 to 39 weeks of age. The shell thickness (SEM) improved after inclusion of antibiotic and symbiotic in feed in the second period. The addition of additives in food improved the quality of Japanese quail egg throughout the productive period. Antibiotics and symbiotics proved to be more effective in improving shell thickness of the eggs produced in the second productive period.(AU)

Transmission of a multidrug-resistant HIV-! from an accupational exposure, in São Paulo, Brazil

We documented the first transmission of a multidrug-resistant HIV from an occupational exposure in Sao Paulo, Brazil, albeit with antiretroviral prophylaxis instituted within 1 h after the accident. A 27-year-old female healthcare worker (HCW) sustained an index finger needle stick injury with a 20-gauge needle while puncturing the forearm of an HIV-infected patient. The putative source (index) patient was a 44-year-old homeless female, on irregular use of zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) and ritonavir boosted lopinavir(LPV/r). She was hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected and had been prescribed different regimens including nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), non-nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) or protease inhibitors since 2011. Around the time of the accident, she had a HIV viral load of 4.56 log10, HCV viral load of 5.9 log10 (Abbott Real Time HIV and HCV, USA) and CD4+ cell count (BD Biosciences FACSCalibur Flow Cytometer, USA) of 143 cells/µl. After the HCW tested negative by rapid test, AZT/3TC/LPV/r was instituted, as suggested by current guidelines [1,2], within 1 h of the accident.

Prevalence and conditions associated with chronic pelvic pain in women from São Luís, Brazil

The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in the community of São Luís, capital of the State of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil, and to identify independent conditions associated with it. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including a sample of 1470 women older than 14 years predominantly served by the public health system. The interviews were held in the subject's home by trained interviewers not affiliated with the public health services of the municipality. The homes were visited at random according to the city map and the prevalence of the condition was estimated. To identify the associated conditions, the significant variables (P=0.10) were selected and entered in a multivariate analysis model. Data are reported as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, with the level of significance set at 0.05. The prevalence of chronic pelvic pain was 19.0%. The independent conditions associated with this diagnosis were: dyspareunia (OR=3.94), premenopausal status (OR=2.95), depressive symptoms (OR=2.33), dysmenorrhea (OR=1.77), smoking (OR=1.72), irregular menstrual flow (OR=1.62), and irritative bladder symptoms (OR=1.90). The prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in Sao Luís is high and is associated with the conditions cited above. Guidelines based on prevention and/or early identification of risk factors may reduce the prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in São Luís, Brazil.

Progesterona plasmática de ovelhas submetidas ao efeito-macho e mantidas sob diferentes condições nutricionais / Plasmatic progesterone of ewes submitted to male effect and kept at different nutritional conditions

Dosou-se a concentração plasmática de progesterona (P4) em ovelhas Santa Inês (SI), Suffolk (SU) e Romney Marsh (RM) em anestro sazonal e submetidas ao efeito-macho, as quais receberam ou não suplementação alimentar. Machos vasectomizados foram introduzidos no grupo de fêmeas após um período prévio de isolamento de 60 dias, e amostras de sangue foram colhidas antes e após a introdução dos machos. Houve efeito (P<0,01) de período, raça, interação período x raça e interação suplementação x período x raça sobre a concentração de P4. Nas ovelhas SI ocorreu aumento (P<0,01) da concentração de P4 após a introdução do macho, indicando que houve aumento na atividade cíclica reprodutiva desse grupo. A suplementação, neste caso, potencializou este aumento. Nas ovelhas SU e RM não ocorreram modificações na concentração de P4 (P>0,01) após a introdução dos machos, nem houve efeito de suplementação. O efeito-macho foi eficaz em induzir a atividade reprodutiva durante o anestro sazonal em ovelhas SI, mas não em ovelhas SU e RM, e a associação dessa prática com a suplementação alimentar é recomendada para ovelhas da raça nativa SI.

The present study aimed to verify the plasmatic progesterone (P4) concentrations in Santa Inês (SI), Suffolk (SU) and Romney Marsh (RM) ewes submitted to male effect receiving or not food supplementation during seasonal anestrous. Vasectomized rams were introduced to the group of ewes after 60 day isolation. Blood samples were collected before and after the male's introduction. Effects (P<0.01) of period, breed, period x breed interaction and period x breed x supplementation interaction on plasmatic P 4 concentrations were observed. The plasmatic P 4 concentrations of SI ewes increased (P<0.01) after the male introduction, indicating there was an increase in the reproductive activity in this group. Supplementation increased this effect. For SU and RM ewes the plasmatic P 4 concentrations did not alter (P>0.01) after the male introduction, with no supplementation. It was concluded the male effect was efficient in inducing the reproductive activity in SI ewes, but not in SU and RM ewes. The association of the effect of the male with supplementation increased this effect.

Occurrence of Scaptocoris castanea Perty (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) damaging Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) seedlings in Brazil

Neem (Azadirachta indica) seedlings were found infested by the brown burrower bug, Scaptocoris castanea Perty, in December 2009, in the county of Tupaciguara, Minas Gerais state. Symptoms observed varied from leaf yellowing and stem drying, reduction in root size and number to plant death. This is the first report of S. castanea attacking neem plants.

High levels of serum mannose-binding lectin are associated with the severity of clinical signs of leptospirosis

The clinical heterogeneity observed in leptospirosis may be associated with host factors or bacteria virulence. Human serum mannose-binding lectin (MBL) recognizes many pathogens, and low levels of this lectin are associated with susceptibility to infection. MBL is also implicated in the modulation of the inflammatory process. We determined the levels of serum MBL during leptospirosis infection. A double-antibody sandwich ELISA was used to detect the immunoreactive serum MBL. The ELISA plates were coated with monoclonal antibody to MBL and bound MBL or recombinant human MBL were detected by rabbit anti-human MBL serum. HRPO-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used for detection of the reaction. Two groups of patients seen at referral hospitals in Recife, PE, Brazil, were divided according to the year of infection, 2001 (N = 61) or 2002 (N = 57) and compared in terms of disease severity and levels of serum MBL. A group of healthy volunteers (N = 97) matched by age, gender, and ethnic background was used as control. Patients infected in 2001 had more severe outcomes than those infected in 2002, including jaundice, hemorrhage, respiratory alteration, and renal complication (P = 0.0009; chi-square test). The frequency of patients producing serum MBL >1000 ng/mL was higher in the 2001 group than in the 2002 and control groups (P < 0.01), suggesting an association of MBL level with disease severity. The involvement of MBL and genetic variation of the MBL2 gene should be further evaluated to establish the role of this lectin in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis.

Concentrações plasmáticas de testosterona, triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4) em bodes submetidos ao estresse calórico / Plasma concentrations of testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) in bucks submitted to heat stress

Para verificar o efeito do estresse calórico (EC) nas concentrações plasmáticas de testosterona, triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4), oito bodes, das raças Saanen (n=4) e Alpina (n=4), foram mantidos em câmara bioclimática, sob condições de termoneutralidade (13,0ºC a 26,7ºC) durante 30 dias e, após um período (60 dias) de descanso, submetidos ao EC (23,7ºC a 34,0ºC) por 30 dias. Para minimizar as variações sazonais nos perfis hormonais devido ao fotoperíodo, durante toda fase experimental, incluindo a de adaptação em condições de termoneutralidade (30 dias), o fotoperíodo foi controlado utilizando-se alternância de dias longos (16h de luz e 8h de escuro) e de dias curtos (8h de luz e 16h de escuro) a cada 30 dias. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas duas vezes por semana durante cinco semanas. No conjunto das raças, o EC não influenciou (P>0,05) as concentrações de testosterona (1,8±0,2 vs 1,3±0,2ng/ml) e nem a de T4 (52,7±2,8 vs 50,0±2,8ng/ml). Houve declínio (P<0,01) das concentrações de T3 nos animais submetidos ao experimento (1,3±0,1 vs 1,0±0,1ng/ml), mas a redução foi observada somente nos bodes Saanen. Em ambas as raças, as concentrações de T3 e T4 variaram (P<0,01) conforme o dia da coleta das amostras de sangue. O EC foi suficiente para produzir uma resposta fisiológica com redução das concentrações plasmáticas de T3 em bodes das raças Saanen, mas não da raça Alpina, assim como não foi capaz de alterar os níveis plasmáticos de testosterona e nem de T4.

To verify the effect of heat stress (HS) on plasma testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) concentrations, eight Saanen (n=4) and Alpine Brown (n=4) bucks were kept in climate chamber under thermal neutral conditions (13.0ºC to 26.7ºC) for 30 days. After a resting period (60 days), the same bucks were submitted to heat stress (23.7ºC to 34.0ºC) for another 30 days. To neutralize the seasonal variations of hormonal profiles throughout the period, the photoperiod was controlled every 30 days altering long (16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness) and short days (8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness). The blood samples were collected twice a week during five weeks. In both breeds, there was no effect of HS (P>0.05) on plasma concentrations of testosterone (1.8±0.2 vs 1.3±0.2ng/ml) and T4 (52.7±2.8 vs 50.0±2.8ng/ml). There was a decline (P<0.01) of plasma T3 concentrations (1.3±0.1 vs 1.0±0.1ng/ml) after HS treatment, but this reduction was only evident in Saanen bucks. In both breeds, the plasma concentrations of T3 and T4 varied (P<0.01) according to the day of blood sample collection. The HS was sufficient to provoke a physiological response with reduction of plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones mainly of T3 in Saanen bucks, but not in Alpine ones. The HS did not affect the plasma testosterone and T4 levels.

Application of MUTIC to the exploration of gene expression data in prostate cancer

We show here an example of the application of a novel method, MUTIC (model utilization-based clustering), used for identifying complex interactions between genes or gene categories based on gene expression data. The method deals with binary categorical data which consist of a set of gene expression profiles divided into two biologically meaningful categories. It does not require data from multiple time points. Gene expression profiles are represented by feature vectors whose component features are either gene expression values, or averaged expression values corresponding to gene ontology or protein information resource categories. A supervised learning algorithm (genetic programming) is used to learn an ensemble of classification models distinguishing the two categories based on the feature vectors corresponding to their members. Each feature is associated with a "model utilization vector", which has an entry for each high-quality classification model found, indicating whether or not the feature was used in that model. These utilization vectors are then clustered using a variant of hierarchical clustering called Omniclust. The result is a set of model utilization-based clusters, in which features are gathered together if they are often considered together by classification models - which may be because they are co-expressed, or may be for subtler reasons involving multi-gene interactions. The MUTIC method is illustrated here by applying it to a dataset regarding gene expression in prostate cancer and control samples. Compared to traditional expression-based clustering, MUTIC yields clusters that have higher mathematical quality (in the sense of homogeneity and separation) and that also yield novel insights into the underlying biological processes.

Características do ejaculado de caprinos sob estresse calórico em câmara bioclimática / Sperm characteristics of bucks under heat stress in climatic chamber

Para verificar o efeito do estresse calórico (EC) na produção espermática de caprinos, oito machos das raças Saanen (n=4) e Pardo-Alpina (n=4) foram mantidos em câmara bioclimática, sob condições de termoneutralidade (13,0°C a 26,7°C) durante 30 dias e, após um período (60 dias) de descanso, submetidos ao EC (23,7°C a 34,0°C) por mais 30 dias. Para minimizar as variações sazonais na produção espermática, durante todo o período, o fotoperíodo foi controlado utilizando-se alternância de dias longos (16 horas de luz e 8 horas de escuro) e de dias curtos (8 horas de luz e 16 horas de escuro) a cada 30 dias. Avaliaram-se as temperaturas retal e testicular, o volume do ejaculado, a concentração espermática, as motilidades massal e individual progressiva (MIP), o vigor e a morfologia espermática. Houve aumento (P<0,05) da temperatura do testículo (31,0±1,1 vs. 32,8±0,9°C) e decréscimos (P<0,01) do volume (0,6±0,3 vs. 0,4±0,3ml), da concentração espermática (5,1±1,8 vs. 4,5±1,5 x10(9)), da motilidade massal (3,5±0,5 vs. 2,9±0,5), da MIP (67,4±14,3 vs. 53,3±13,1 por cento) e do vigor (3,5±0,6 vs.3,0±0,6) quando os animais foram submetidos ao EC. O EC não influenciou (P>0,05) o percentual total de células anormais e nem a temperatura retal. Os machos da raça Saanen apresentaram temperaturas do testículo e retal mais elevadas (P<0,01) e produziram maior volume (P<0,05) de ejaculado. O estresse calórico produzido em câmara bioclimática foi suficiente para afetar, negativamente, algumas características quanti-qualitativas do ejaculado de machos caprinos das raças Saanen e Pardo-Alpina.

To verify the effect of heat stress (HS) on caprine semen production eight male goats of Saanen (n=4) and Alpine Brown (n=4) breeds were kept in climate chamber under thermal neutral conditions (13.0°C to 26.7°C) for 30 days. After a resting period (60 days), the same bucks were submitted to heat stress (23.7°C to 34.0°C) for another 30 days. To neutralize the seasonal variations of sperm production throughout the period, the photoperiod was controlled every 30 days alterning long days (16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness) and short days (8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness). The following variables were evaluated: rectal and testicular temperatures, volume of ejaculate, sperm concentration, mass motility, individual progressive motility, vigor and sperm morphology. There was an elevation (P<0.01) of testicular temperature (31.0±1.1 vs. 32.8±0.9°C) and a decline of volume (0.6±0.3 vs. 0.4±0.3ml), sperm concentration (5.1±1.8 vs. 4.5±1.5x10(9)), mass motility (3.5±0.5 vs. 2.9±0.5), individual of progressive motility (67.4±14.3 vs. 53.3±13.1 percent) and vigor (3.5±0.6 vs.3.0±0.6) after HS treatment. There was no effect of HS (P>0.05) on percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa and rectal temperature. The Saanen males showed higher testicular and rectal temperatures and produced more sperm volume than Alpine Brown males. The HS in climate chamber was sufficient to negatively affect some semen characteristics of Saanen and Alpine Brown male goats.

Utilidad de la cintigrafía en el estudio de las alteraciones hereditarias de la fibra colágena (AHFC) / Utility of bone cintigraphy in the study of hereditary disorders of the connective tissues (HDCT)

Introducción: Las alteraciones genéticas de la Fibra Colagena predisponen a inestabilidad, dolor y osteoartritis de las articulaciones. Ellas producen también fragilidad de otros tejidos.Objetivo: El de demostrar que la Cintigrafía Osea es útil en el diagnóstico de las Alteraciones Hereditarias de la Fibra Colagena (AHFC).Material y Método: Se estudiaron las alteraciones cintigráficas de muñecas, carpos y manos de 22 pacientes adultos con AHFC que fueron diagnosticados clínicamente, usando el criterio de Brighton1 y un criterio elaborado por nosotros. Los comparamos con 22 controles, de edad y sexo similares a los pacientes, que se hicieron un cintigrama oseo por otros motivos.Resultados: Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa de la positividad de la cintigrafía en las áreas estudiadas en los pacientes, al compararla con los controles (p < 0,05), con una sensibilidad de 95 por ciento y especificidad de 73 por ciento. No había correlación del grado de positividad, con la edad, sexo ni el tipo de AHFC estudiada. Se vio que había positividad cintigráfica tanto en los enfermos con articulaciones laxas como en los con menor grado de laxitud.Conclusiones: Se concluye que la Cintigrafía Ósea es útil en el diagnóstico de las AHFC en el adulto (incluyendo el Síndrome de Hiperlaxitud Articular Benigno (SHAB) y otras formas de Ehlers-Danlos). Se sugiere que tanto la hipermovilidad de las articulaciones, como la fragilidad de los cartílagos articulares, son factores patogénicos importantes en la génesis de dichas alteraciones. Se formula una nueva hipótesis de la importancia de la carencia de ácido fólico durante el embarazo como causa de mutaciones que darían origen a AHFC.

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil phosphorus level on expression of protein and activity of peroxidase on passion fruit roots

The effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and increasing soil P levels on the expression of total proteins and peroxidase activity on passion fruit roots were evaluated. The experimental design was entirely at random, with four treatments of inoculation (a - control; b - Gigaspora albida; c - Scutellospora heterogama; d - mixture of G. albida, G. margarita, S. heterogama, and Glomus clarum) Ãù three levels of soil P (4, 11, and 30 mg/dm of soil), each with three replicates. Plants were harvested 70 days after inoculation, when root colonization, shoot P level, protein content, and enzymatic activity of peroxidase (PAGE - 7 percent) on root extract were evaluated. Regarding protein, there was no significant difference among the treatments, except between those roots receiving mixed inoculum and 11 mg P/dm of soil. Effect of P on protein concentration, when compared with the inoculation effect was observed. For peroxidase, there was an eletrophoretic band common to all treatments (rf: 0.43) and another that was absent only in noncolonized plants, grown in soil with lower P (rf: 0.46). Mycorrhizal specific bands were not present but a small decrease of intensity of bands in noncolonized plants was observed. Conversely, the control roots presented a single band (rf: 0.33) not observed in the other extracts, that may demonstrate an inhibitory effect of AMF on some host activities. The data showed the influence of P level in soil on the protein expression of roots, suggesting the influence of this nutrient on root genetic expression as well as on the mechanisms of symbiotic control/recognition

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil phosphorus level on expression of protein and activity of peroxidase on passion fruit roots

The effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and increasing soil P levels on the expression of total proteins and peroxidase activity on passion fruit roots were evaluated. The experimental design was entirely at random, with four treatments of inoculation (a - control; b - Gigaspora albida; c - Scutellospora heterogama; d - mixture of G. albida, G. margarita, S. heterogama, and Glomus clarum) × three levels of soil P (4, 11, and 30 mg/dm³ of soil), each with three replicates. Plants were harvested 70 days after inoculation, when root colonization, shoot P level, protein content, and enzymatic activity of peroxidase (PAGE - 7%) on root extract were evaluated. Regarding protein, there was no significant difference among the treatments, except between those roots receiving mixed inoculum and 11 mg P/dm³ of soil. Effect of P on protein concentration, when compared with the inoculation effect was observed. For peroxidase, there was an eletrophoretic band common to all treatments (rf: 0.43) and another that was absent only in noncolonized plants, grown in soil with lower P (rf: 0.46). Mycorrhizal specific bands were not present but a small decrease of intensity of bands in noncolonized plants was observed. Conversely, the control roots presented a single band (rf: 0.33) not observed in the other extracts, that may demonstrate an inhibitory effect of AMF on some host activities. The data showed the influence of P level in soil on the protein expression of roots, suggesting the influence of this nutrient on root genetic expression as well as on the mechanisms of symbiotic control/recognition.

O efeito da inoculação micorrízica e de crescentes níveis de P no solo sobre a expressão de proteínas e a atividade da peroxidase foi avaliado em raízes de maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.). O arranjo experimental foi feito totalmente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos de inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, FMA (a - controle, b - Gigaspora albida, c - Scutellospora heterogama e d - mistura de G. albida, S. heterogama, G. margarita e Glomus clarum) × três níveis de P no solo (4, 11 e 30 mg/dm³ de solo) com três repetições. As plantas foram colhidas aos 70 dias de inoculação, para avaliação da colonização micorrízica, determinação do P na parte aérea, estimativa do conteúdo protéico e avaliação da atividade enzimática da peroxidase (em gel de poliacrilamida - PAGE - 7%) nos extratos radiculares. Nos valores de proteína, não houve diferença significativa, exceto entre as raízes tratadas com inóculo misto e 11 mg de P/dm³ de solo e as plantas crescidas com G. albida em solo com 30 mg de P/dm³ de solo. Observou-se influência destacada do P sobre a concentração protéica, quando comparado com o efeito fúngico. Para peroxidase, evidenciou-se a formação de uma banda eletroforética comum a todos os tratamentos (rf: 0,43) e outra que foi ausente apenas nas plantas não colonizadas, crescidas em solo com menores concentrações de P (rf: 0,46). Não foram notadas bandas micorrízicas específicas nos extratos, mas uma pequena diminuição na intensidade em bandas de plantas não colonizadas. Porém, a raiz controle apresentou uma banda única (rf: 0,33), não presente nos demais extratos, o que demonstra, talvez, um efeito inibitório dos FMA sobre algumas atividades do hospedeiro. Os dados demonstram a influência do nível de P no solo sobre a expressão protéica radicular, sugerindo a influência desse elemento na expressão gênica radicular, bem como nos mecanismos de controle/reconhecimento simbiótico.

Effect on insulin-like growth factor-1 during in vitro oocyte maturation and in vitro culture of bovine embryos

Avaliaram-se o efeito do IGF-I na maturaçäo in vitro (MIV) (experimento I) e no desenvolvimento embrionário (DE) (experimento II) de oócitos bovinos fecundados in vitro, quanto às taxas de clivagem (TC), de blastocistos (TB) e de eclosäo(TE). Para MIV, complexos cumulus-oócitos imaturos foram cultivados em meio TCM-199 suplementado com HEPES, bicarbonato e piruvato de sódio, aditivos, soro fetal bovino (meio B-199) e gonadotrofinas 14U/ml de PMSG e 7U/ml de hCG. Para o desenvolvimento embrionário, os oócitos/zigotos foram cultivados em meio B-199 com células epiteliais do oviduto bovino em suspensäo sob óleo de silicone. As condiçöes de cultivo in vitro para ambos os experimentos seguiram os tratamentos: 1- meio B-199 + 200 ng/ml IGF-I; 2- B-199 + 100 ng/ml IGF-I; 3- B-199 + 50 ng/ml IGF-I; 4- B-199 + 10 ng/ml IGF-I; 5- B-199 + 0 ng/ml IGF-I. Todas as culturas foram realizadas a 38,5§C em atmosfera com 5(porcento) de CO2 e os dados foram analisados pelo teste do qui-quadrado. No experimento I, näo houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos quanto às TC, TB e TE, quanto ao meio de MIV foi suplemento com IGF-I. No experimento II, a adiçäo de IGF-I ao meio de DE resultou em aumento na TC (P<0,05) mas näo influenciou a TB e a TE. A adiçäo de 200 ng/ml de IGF-I ao meio DE melhorou a TC (71,1(porcento)) quando comparada com a TC dos grupos de 100 ng/ml de IGF-I (57,6(porcento)) ou controle (56,7(porcento)), entretanto näo houve diferença quando comparada com a dos grupos de 50 ng/ml (69,4(porcento)) ou 10 ng/ml (73,1(porcento)) de IGF-I. Näo houve efeito benéfico na adiçäo de 10 a 200 ng/ml de IGF-I nos meios de MIV e de DE com relaçäo ao desenvolvimento de embriöes produzidos a partir de oócitos maturados e fecundados in vitro

Estudo multicêntrico de grupos paralelos, randomizado, cego para o investigador, para avaliar a eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade do racecadotril versus Saccharomyces boulardii no tratamento da diarréia aguda em adultos / A multicentric, randomised, investigator-blind, parallel group study to assess the eficacy, safety and tolerability of Racecadotril versus Saccharomyces boulardii no tratamento da diarréia aguda em adultos

No presente estudo randomizado, paralelo, cego para o investigador, comparamos a eficácia do inibidor da encefalinase racecadotril ao Saccharomyces boulardii em 336 pacientes adultos ambulatoriais avaliáveis com diarréia aguda. Foram incluídos 175 pacientes avaliáveis no grupo com racecadotril e 161 pacientes avaliáveis foram incluidos no grupo com Saccharomyces boulardii. A duraçäo mädia da diarréia foi significativamente mais curta após o tratamento com racecadotril em comparaçäo com Saccharomyces boulardii. O tempo de recuperaçäo também foi mais curto com racecadotril em comparaçäo com S. boulardii, independente da gravidade da diarréia. Em casos brandos foi observada uma diferença de 24 horas entrte o tempo de recuperaçäo para racecadotril e S. boulardii e em casos graves a diferença entre os grupos foi de 17 horas. Além disso, a probabilidade de cura com racecadotril após dois dias de tratamento foi duas vezes maior e significante em comparaçäo ao Saccharomyces boulardii. Após três dias de tratamento, mais de dois terços dos pacientes em uso de racecadotril apresentaram recuperaçäo completa ao passo que quase metade dos pacientes com Saccharomyces boulardii näo haviam se recuperado. Em casos mais graves, a probabilidade de cura no dia 2 do tratamento com racecadotril foi três a quatro vezes maior em comparaçäo ao S. boulardii. Tanto racecadotril quanto Saccharomyces boulardii apresentaram um bom perfil de segurança.(au)

One-week triple therapy with omeprazole plus azithromycin and secnidazole is ineffective in eradicating "helicobacter pylori"

Background: There is not yet consensus on the most effective treatment for the helicobacter pylori infection, particularly in most developing countries. Azithromycin is a new macrolide and relatively novel agent for H. pylori eradication with an in vitro MIC90 lower than 1 mg/ml.Secnidazole, a nitromidazole that causes fewer side effects than metronidazole, was recenty reported to be used, for the firt time, in the treatment of H. pylori infection. Aim: To evaluate, in a prospective, randomized, single-center study, the association of twodifferent doses of omeprazole, azithromycin and secnidazole in H. pylori eradication. Patients and methods: After informed consent, 55 patients (36m,19F) with duodenal ulcer associated with H. pylori infection were randomized to receive omeprazole 20mg uid (Group A) or 20mg bid (Group B) for sevem days plus azithromycin 500mg uid for six days and secnidazole 2,000mg uid in the first, fourth and seventh day. The H. pylori status was assessed before and 60-90 days posttreatment using urease test, histology and 13C-urea breath test. Statistical analysis was performed by X² test. Results: The two groups had similar demographic characteristics. Fifty-five patients (36M, 19F) were enrolled. Six patients did not show-up for the second visit posttreatment. So, of the 49 evaluable patients, 25por cento (6/24) in Group A and 44por cento(11/25) in Group B wereeradicated, in a per protocol (PP) analysis. Intetion-to-treat (ITT) eradication rates were 21,4por cento (6/28) in Group A and 40.7por cento (11/27) im Group B. The differences betweem ITT and PP analysis from the two groups were not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study shows a very low eradication rate with the two regimens comprising of omeprazole, azithromycin and secnidazole and therefore, should not be recommended for thetreatment of H. pylori infection

Application of isotope-selective non-dispersive infrared spectrometry for the evaluation of the 13C-urea breath test: comparison with three concordant methods

The aim of this work was to compare the performance of isotope-selective non-dispersive infrared spectrometry (IRIS) for the 13C-urea breath test with the combination of the 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT), urease test and histologic examination for the diagnosis of H. pylori (HP) infection. Fifty-three duodenal ulcer patients were studied. All patients were submitted to gastroscopy to detect HP by the urease test, histologic examination and 14C-UBT. To be included in the study the results of the 3 tests had to be concordant. Within one month after admission to the study the patients were submitted to IRIS with breath samples collected before and 30 min after the ingestion of 75 mg 13C-urea dissolved in 200 ml of orange juice. The samples were mailed and analyzed 11.5 (4-21) days after collection. Data were analyzed statistically by the chi-square and Mann-Whitney test and by the Spearman correlation coefficient. Twenty-six patients were HP positive and 27 negative. There was 100 per cent agreement between the IRIS results and the HP status determined by the other three methods. Using a cutoff value of delta-over-baseline (DOB) above 4.0 the IRIS showed a mean value of 19.38 (minimum = 4.2, maximum = 41.3, SD = 10.9) for HP-positive patients and a mean value of 0.88 (minimum = 0.10, maximum = 2.5, SD = 0.71) for negative patients. Using a cutoff value corresponding to 0.800 per cent CO2/weight (kg), the 14C-UBT showed a mean value of 2.78 (minimum = 0.89, maximum = 5.22, SD = 1.18) in HP-positive patients. HP-negative patients showed a mean value of 0.37 (minimum = 0.13, maximum = 0.77, SD = 0.17). IRIS is a low-cost, easy to manage, highly sensitive and specific test for H. pylori detection. Storing and mailing the samples did not interfere with the performance of the test.

Avaliaçäo das condiçöes de maturaçäo oocitária e do efeito do reprodutor na produçäo in vitro de embriöes bovinos / Evaluation of oocyte maturation conditions and bull effect on the in vitro bovine embryo production

Avaliaram-se as condiçöes de cultura para maturaçäo dos oócitos (Exp. I) e o efeito do reprodutor (Exp. II) sobre as taxas de clivagem (TC) e de mórulas e blastocistos (MO/BL) produzidos in vitro. Oócitos imaturos foram submetidos a maturaçäo in vitro sob diferentes condiçöes: meio B-199, acrescido de 5 por cento de soro de vaca em estro (SVE), 5 por cento de soro fetal bovino (SFB) e células da granulosa (T1 subscrito/Exp. I) ou meio B-199, acrescido de 10 por cento de SFB, 14 UI/ml de PMSG e 7 UI/ml de hCG (T2 subscrito/Exp I). Após 24 h de cultura, os oócitos maturos foram inseminados com sêmen descongelado de dois reprodutores (R1 subscrito e R2 subscrito/Exp. II) e, após 48 h de incubaçäo, os embriöes de 2 e 4 células foram transferidos para placas de cultivo in vitro, onde permaneceram em cultura por mais 9 dias. No Exp. I, os oócitos de T1 subscrito e T2 subscrito foram inseminados com sêmen do R1 subscrito/Exp. II. No Exp. II, os oócitos do T1 subscrito/Exp. I foram inseminados com sêmen de R1 subscrito e R2 subscrito/Exp. II. No Exp. I, a TC foi superior (p<0,0l) para T2 subscrito, quando comparado com T1 subscrito. A produçäo de MO/BL näo foi diferente (p>0,05) entre tratamentos. No Exp. II, a TC e a taxa de MO/BL diferiram (p<0,05) para cada reprodutor. A adiçäo de hormônios no meio de maturaçäo, embora näo tenha interferido na produçäo de embriöes, parece ser um procedimento mais prático que o uso de células da granulosa. A utilizaçäo de sêmen de diferentes reprodutores afetou o subseqüente desenvolvimento embrionário in vitro